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Lab & diagnostics study sheet

Stains, media, and biochemical tests - what they show and how to read them.

Lab & diagnostics study sheet

45 rows - free sample of the first 6

Lab & diagnostics - Lab & diagnostics study sheet. Stains, media, and biochemical tests - what they show and how to read them.
Lab methodClassificationLab and identification cluesHigh-yield clueAssociations
16S rRNA sequencingMolecular identification concept; Sequencing vocabularyConserved/variable region vocabulary; Database match concept; Useful in slow-growing or hard-to-identify bacteria discussionsConserved regions anchor amplification; the variable (hypervariable) regions are what distinguish organisms in the database match.Bacterial taxonomy; MALDI-TOF comparison; Molecular ID workflows as concepts
Acid-fast stainDifferential stain; Cell-wall conceptZiehl-Neelsen vocabulary; Auramine-rhodamine vocabulary; Mycolic acid conceptAcid-fast positivity is the stain clue for mycolic-acid-rich organisms.Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nocardia partial acid-fast vocabulary; Cryptosporidium modified acid-fast concept
Antigen test conceptImmunoassay concept; Detection vocabularyTarget antigen vocabulary; Sensitivity/specificity concepts; Rapid-test term recognitionAntigen test looks for a pathogen component; antibody tests look for host response.Respiratory virus testing; Cryptococcal antigen; Giardia/Cryptosporidium antigen terms
Bacitracin (A disk) testPresumptive disk concept; Beta-hemolytic cocci; Zone-of-inhibition readoutA-disk zone = presumptive Group A (S. pyogenes); No zone = Group B and most others; Pairs with PYR for Group A confirmation; Read on blood agarGroup A strep (S. pyogenes) is bacitracin-sensitive (zone present); Group B strep (S. agalactiae) is bacitracin-resistant.Group A vs Group B beta-hemolytic separation; Study pairing with PYR and CAMP tests; Beta-hemolysis workup vocabulary
Bile solubility testDifferential biochemical concept; Applied to alpha-hemolytic cocci; Reads colony/broth clearingBile salts activate pneumococcal autolysin (LytA); Positive = colony dissolves/broth clears; Pairs with optochin sensitivity for pneumococcus; Viridans streptococci are bile-insolubleBile-soluble alpha-hemolytic colonies point to Streptococcus pneumoniae, while viridans streptococci stay insoluble.Separates S. pneumoniae from viridans group; Study pairing with capsule and Quellung vocabulary; Alpha-hemolysis identification context
Blood agar hemolysisDifferential media concept; Hemolysis vocabularyAlpha/beta/gamma terms; Streptococcal grouping context; Pattern recognition without procedure stepsBeta means complete clearing; alpha means partial greenish change; gamma means no hemolysis in study tables.Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus agalactiae

Assembled from the free PetriKey reference. Every row is published in full on its own reference page, with that page's own sources. Educational study reference only - not medical advice, and not for diagnosis, treatment, dosing, specimen handling, or any clinical decision-making.

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