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Parasite

Onchocerca volvulus

River blindness from blackfly bites

on-koh-SER-kuh VOL-vyoo-lus

nematodefilariablackflyskinmicrofilaria

High-yield clue

Blackfly (Simulium) transmission near rivers, subcutaneous nodules, and microfilariae migrating to the eye causing blindness are the core clues.

Overview

A filarial nematode transmitted by Simulium blackflies that breed in fast rivers, the classic study cause of onchocerciasis (river blindness).

Classification

  • Nematode (filarial worm)
  • Adults coiled in subcutaneous nodules
  • Unsheathed microfilariae in skin
  • Transmitted by Simulium blackfly

Lab & identification clues

  • Skin snip incubation to release microfilariae
  • Unsheathed skin-dwelling microfilariae
  • Subcutaneous nodule examination vocabulary

Associations

  • Simulium blackfly vector near rivers
  • Subcutaneous nodules and intense pruritus
  • Ocular microfilariae and river blindness
  • Wolbachia-endosymbiont teaching point

Commonly confused with

  • Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Loa loa

Frequently asked questions

What is Onchocerca volvulus?

A filarial nematode transmitted by Simulium blackflies that breed in fast rivers, the classic study cause of onchocerciasis (river blindness).

What are the lab clues for Onchocerca volvulus?

Lab clues for Onchocerca volvulus include Skin snip incubation to release microfilariae, Unsheathed skin-dwelling microfilariae, and Subcutaneous nodule examination vocabulary.

What is Onchocerca volvulus commonly confused with?

Onchocerca volvulus is commonly confused with Wuchereria bancrofti and Loa loa.

Original student-study summary. Sources checked: OpenStax Microbiology 2e, NCBI Bookshelf Medical Microbiology, and CDC topic pages where applicable; reviewed 2026-06. Educational only; no diagnosis, treatment, dosing, or specimen-handling guidance.

OpenStax: Microbiology 2e organism classification foundations - sourceNCBI Bookshelf: Medical Microbiology organism chapters - sourceCDC: CDC disease and public-health topic pages - source