Reference cards, C to D

Calcofluor white stain Lab method · Fluorochrome binding fungal chitin

CAMP test Lab method · Arrowhead synergy = Group B strep / Listeria

Campylobacter jejuni Bacterium · Curved motile Gram-negative rod

Candida albicans Fungus · Yeast with germ-tube clue

Candida auris / Candidozyma auris Fungus · Emerging multidrug-resistant yeast

Candidiasis / thrush Disease · White oral plaques that scrape off

Capnocytophaga species Bacterium · Capnophilic gliding rod of dog and human oral flora

Capsule Concept · Antiphagocytic surface structure

Carbapenems Antimicrobial · Broadest-spectrum beta-lactam cell-wall class

Catalase test Lab method · Staph vs strep study branch

Cellulitis Disease · Spreading skin and subcutaneous infection

Chickenpox and shingles Disease · Primary varicella vs zoster reactivation

Chikungunya virus Virus · Aedes alphavirus, disabling arthralgia

Chlamydia trachomatis Bacterium · Obligate intracellular bacterium

Chloramphenicol Antimicrobial · 50S peptidyl-transferase inhibitor

Chocolate agar X/V factors Lab method · Enriched media vocabulary for fastidious bacteria

Cholera Disease · Toxin-mediated profuse watery diarrhea

Citrate utilization test Lab method · Prussian blue = citrate positive (Klebsiella)

Citrobacter species Bacterium · Citrate-using enteric rods, E. coli mimics

Clonorchis sinensis Parasite · Chinese liver fluke from raw freshwater fish

Clostridioides difficile Bacterium · Spore-forming anaerobic rod

Clostridium botulinum Bacterium · Flaccid-paralysis canned-food anaerobe

Clostridium perfringens Bacterium · Anaerobic spore-forming rod

Clostridium tetani Bacterium · Terminal-spore tetanus rod

Coagulase test Lab method · S. aureus clue among staphylococci

Coccidioides immitis/posadasii Fungus · Dimorphic fungus with spherules

Colonization vs contamination vs infection Concept · Interpretation vocabulary for coursework

Community-acquired pneumonia Disease · Lung infection acquired outside healthcare settings

Complement system Concept · Cascade of opsonization, inflammation, and lysis

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Bacterium · Club-shaped Gram-positive rod with toxin clue

COVID-19 illness Disease · SARS-CoV-2 respiratory illness with anosmia

Coxiella burnetii Bacterium · Q fever, aerosol zoonosis, no vector needed

Coxsackievirus Virus · Enteroviruses of HFMD and myocarditis

CRE Concept · Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Virus · Nairovirus, Hyalomma tick, livestock

Cryptococcal meningitis Disease · Subacute AIDS meningitis, India ink positive

Cryptococcus gattii Fungus · Encapsulated yeast affecting immunocompetent hosts

Cryptococcus neoformans Fungus · Encapsulated yeast

Cryptosporidium Parasite · Acid-fast oocyst protozoan

Cutibacterium acnes Bacterium · Acne & prosthesis anaerobe (formerly Propionibacterium)

Cyclospora cayetanensis Parasite · Produce-linked acid-fast coccidian

Cystoisospora belli Parasite · Large elliptical oocyst coccidian (former Isospora)

Cytomegalovirus Virus · Herpesvirus with owl-eye inclusion clue

Dengue fever Disease · Aedes-borne 'breakbone' fever

Dengue virus Virus · Aedes-borne flavivirus, breakbone fever

Dermatophytes Fungus · Keratin-loving molds

Dermatophytosis / ringworm Disease · Annular scaly plaque with central clearing

Dientamoeba fragilis Parasite · Binucleate intestinal flagellate with no classic cyst

Diphyllobothrium latum Parasite · Fish tapeworm linked to B12 deficiency

Direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test Lab method · Detects antibody/complement coating red cells

DNase test Lab method · Clearing on DNA agar = S. aureus positive

Dracunculus medinensis Parasite · Guinea worm from copepod-contaminated water