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PetriKey

Bacterium

Actinomyces israelii

Sulfur-granule filamentous anaerobe

ak-tin-oh-MY-seez iz-RAY-lee-eye

Gram positivegram-positivefilamentousanaerobebranchingoral-flora

High-yield clue

Yellow 'sulfur granules' draining from sinus tracts and cervicofacial 'lumpy jaw' after dental trauma are the core clues; unlike Nocardia it is anaerobic and not acid-fast.

Overview

A branching, filamentous Gram-positive anaerobe of the oral cavity that causes chronic draining sinus-tract infection. It is the classic non-acid-fast counterpart to Nocardia in coursework.

Classification

  • Gram-positive
  • Branching filamentous rod
  • Anaerobe
  • Not acid-fast

Lab & identification clues

  • Sulfur granules (yellow filament colonies)
  • Branching filaments on Gram stain
  • Anaerobic growth
  • Not acid-fast (contrast with Nocardia)

Associations

  • Cervicofacial 'lumpy jaw'
  • Dental trauma / poor oral hygiene
  • IUD-associated pelvic study association

Commonly confused with

  • Nocardia species
  • Fungal hyphae

Frequently asked questions

What is Actinomyces israelii?

A branching, filamentous Gram-positive anaerobe of the oral cavity that causes chronic draining sinus-tract infection. It is the classic non-acid-fast counterpart to Nocardia in coursework.

What is the Gram stain of Actinomyces israelii?

Actinomyces israelii is Gram positive.

What are the lab clues for Actinomyces israelii?

Lab clues for Actinomyces israelii include Sulfur granules (yellow filament colonies), Branching filaments on Gram stain, Anaerobic growth, and Not acid-fast (contrast with Nocardia).

What is Actinomyces israelii commonly confused with?

Actinomyces israelii is commonly confused with Nocardia species and Fungal hyphae.

Original student-study summary. Sources checked: OpenStax Microbiology 2e, NCBI Bookshelf Medical Microbiology, and CDC topic pages where applicable; reviewed 2026-06. Educational only; no diagnosis, treatment, dosing, or specimen-handling guidance.

OpenStax: Microbiology 2e organism classification foundations - sourceNCBI Bookshelf: Medical Microbiology organism chapters - sourceCDC: CDC disease and public-health topic pages - source